Pioneer 10 visited Jupiter in 1973, followed a year later by Pioneer 11. Aside from taking the first close-up pictures of the planet, the probes discovered its magnetosphere and its largely fluid interior.

Jupiter does not experience seasons like other planets such as Earth and Mars because its axis is only tilted by 3.13 degrees.

Burke and Franklin detected bursts of radio signals coming from Jupiter at 22.2 MHz. The period of these bursts matched the rotation of the planet, and they were also able to use this information to refine the rotation rate.

Of the four Galilean moons, Callisto is the farthest out, with an orbital radius of about 1,880,000 kilometres. It is also the most heavily cratered object in the solar system.

Jupiter has the strongest magnetic field in the Solar System -- around 14 times stronger than the magnetic field found on Earth.

With an average temperature of minus 234 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 145 degrees Celsius), Jupiter is frigid even in its warmest climates.

Several Babylonian cuneiform tablets from 350 to 50 BCE have been found to contain a sophisticated calculation of the position of Jupiter. The method relies on determining the area of a trapezium under a graph. This technique was previously thought to have been invented at least 1400 years later in 14th-century Oxford.

Galileo orbited the planet for over seven years, conducting multiple flybys of all the Galilean moons and Amalthea.

Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun.

There are three layers of clouds on Jupiter, and each one is composed of different molecules. At one level there are clouds of ammonia, at another level there are clouds of ammonia and sulfur, and at a third level there are clouds of water (H2O).