The identity of the intended recipient has long been a subject of debate; candidates include Julie Guicciardi, Therese Malfatti, Josephine Brunsvik, and Antonie Brentano.
Fidelio tells the story of Leonore who, disguised as a prison guard named "Fidelio", rescues her husband Florestan from death in a political prison.
Henriette Sontag was only 18 when she was invited to be the soprano soloist in the first performances of Beethoven's Symphony No. 9.
The Piano Sonata No. 14 in C♯ minor, popularly known as the Moonlight Sonata, was dedicated to Beethoven's pupil and love interest, Countess Giulietta Guicciardi.
This 15-minute-long orchestral work was composed by Beethoven to commemorate the Duke of Wellington's victory over Joseph Bonaparte at the Battle of Vitoria in Spain on 21 June 1813.
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