The Holocene extinction, otherwise referred to as the Sixth extinction, is the ongoing extinction event of species during the present epoch (beginning approximately 10,000 BC) mainly due to human activity. The present rate of extinction may be up to 140,000 species per year, making it the greatest loss of biodiversity since the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event.

The many-worlds interpretation implies that all possible alternate histories and futures are real, each representing an actual "world" (or "universe"). In layman's terms, the hypothesis states there is a very large--perhaps infinite--number of universes, and everything that could possibly have happened in our past, but did not, has occurred in the past of some other universe or universes.

Bill Nye is an American science educator best known as the host of the PBS children's show Bill Nye the Science Guy (1993-1998).

Speciation is the formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution.

The single species of tuatara is the only surviving member of its order, which flourished around 200 million years ago.

As an interdisciplinary field of science, bioinformatics combines computer science, statistics, mathematics, and engineering to analyze and interpret biological data.

Biodiversity is a measure of the variety of organisms present in different ecosystems.

Zoology is the branch of biology that studies the animal kingdom, including the structure, embryology, evolution, classification, habits, and distribution of all animals, both living and extinct.

Continental drift is the movement of the Earth's continents relative to each other, thus appearing to "drift" across the ocean bed. The speculation that continents might have drifted was first put forward by Abraham Ortelius in 1596.

Isaac Newton's Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica formulated the laws of motion and universal gravitation, which dominated scientists' view of the physical universe for the next three centuries.